Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) have added another layer of cybersecurity issues in today’s world with more devices, more ownership, more remote locations, and increased reliance on digital communication networks. These attributes extend the attack surface of modern power systems and render traditional perimeter-control based security methods useless. In this review, the application of zero-trust security …

Zero-Trust Security for Distributed Energy Resources – A Comprehensive Review of Threats, Vulnerabilities, and CountermeasuresRead More

Train detection is fundamental to railway signaling and safety, traditionally relying on infrastructure-heavy systems such as track circuits and axle counters. While reliable, these methods involve significant maintenance and are often limited in remote areas. This paper provides a comprehensive review of emerging vibration-based sensing techniques, which utilize accelerometers and geophones to capture distinct vibration …

Footsteps – A Review of Train Approach, Speed, Direction, and Distance Detection Methods Using VibrationsRead More

The conversion of mechanical energy from vibrations or pressure to electrical energy is called piezoelectric energy harvesting. In the context of densely populated areas like railway stations, shopping malls, airports and underground transportation systems, the piezoelectric floor tiles have become a sustainable method to harvest the energy of people walking on the floor. This technology …

Footstep Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting System for Emergency Power Applications – A ReviewRead More

The solar power PV (solar photo-voltaic) technology has become one of the most critical renewable energy methods, to diminish the reliance on fossil fuel and to facilitate low carbon energy generation. In addition to installation capacity, other factors for large-scale PV system uptake include energy yield, conversion efficiency, operating reliability and sustainability of the PV …

Solar Photovoltaic Efficiency Enhancement A Comprehensive ReviewRead More

This study developed and evaluated a wet-cell oxyhydrogen (HHO) generation system integrated with a power management system (PMS) to improve the combustion performance and fuel efficiency of a small-capacity gasoline internal combustion engine (ICE). The HHO generator was fabricated using stainless steel (SS) electrodes arranged in a P–N–P–N configuration within a transparent acrylic cylindrical housing. …

Development of a Wet-Cell HHO Generator System Incorporating an MOSFET-Based Linear Power Management System for Enhanced Performance of Gasoline-Powered Internal Combustion EnginesRead More