The paper explores the joint optimization of beamforming and phase shifts in Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS)-aided Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) systems within the context of 6G networks. We propose a novel algorithm that optimizes the beamforming vectors at the base station (BS) and the phase shifts at the IRS to maximize the sum rate of … Read more

The production of jaggery and treacle from fermented Caryota inflorescence sap presents significant challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of extracts from the leaves, bark, and flowers of Acronychia pedunculata in inhibiting the fermentation of Caryota urens inflorescence sap and to determine the most effective part and concentration for this purpose. Essential oils … Read more

Sunscreens play a critical role in protecting the skin from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, including both UVA and UVB rays. Traditional inorganic UV filters, such as chemically synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂), have limitations regarding biocompatibility, cost, and sustainability. This study investigates the effectiveness of green-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) as an alternative, … Read more

Soil erosion is a significant environmental challenge that threatens the sustainability of agricultural practices worldwide. This study investigates the efficacy of geosynthetic cementitious composite mats (GCCMs) in controlling soil erosion and promoting sustainable agriculture. Soil erosion causes the loss of fertile topsoil, reduced productivity, and degradation. Traditional methods have limitations, while GCCMs offer structural and … Read more

Time management in football matches has long been a contentious issue, with substantial delays arising from stoppages such as ball out-of-play scenarios, player injuries, substitutions, and VAR reviews. This research introduces an AI-driven system that leverages smart sensors, computer vision, and wearable technology to enhance timekeeping accuracy, reduce human error, and improve overall game fairness. … Read more

The adoption of environmental practices by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is influenced by multiple social system factors, including market forces, judicial enforcement, and government policies. This paper reviews existing literature on SMEs’ environmental practices, categorizing their motives into market-driven, legal compliance, and government-support mechanisms. Additionally, this study identifies key barriers that hinder sustainability efforts … Read more

The construction industry is one of the most physically demanding sectors, posing significant challenges for ageing workers due to declining physical strength, slower reflexes, and increased susceptibility to workplace injuries. The integration of smart wearable technology provides an innovative solution to mitigate these challenges by enhancing safety, monitoring health metrics, and optimizing productivity. Smart wearables, … Read more

Piezoelectric energy-harvesting systems are a promising way to convert mechanical energy from the environment into usable electrical power. This review examines the key factors, methodologies, and recent developments in designing and improving these systems to increase efficiency and power output. It covers the principles of piezoelectricity, material properties, system design, and optimization strategies including frequency … Read more

This study investigates the factors influencing the academic performance of Advanced Level (AL) technology students in Sri Lanka, focusing on two technology streams: Engineering Technology and Bio Systems Technology. A sample of 300 students was selected using a simple random sampling technique, and data were collected through a Google Forms questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed … Read more

The railway industry is a significant contributor to environmental degradation due to its reliance on traditional materials. The use of recycled materials offers an opportunity to reduce environmental impacts, enhance sustainability, and reduce costs. However, a lack of standardized guidelines for incorporating recycled materials has limited their widespread adoption. This research paper investigates the current … Read more

This study presents an in-depth evaluation of flame stability in rice husk stoves, focusing on the critical role of equivalence ratios in preventing combustion instabilities such as flashback and blowoff. The research investigates the behavior of the flame over a range of equivalence ratios (φ) from 0.5 to 1.6, identifying the flame stability window essential … Read more

The Kalu Ganga estuary at Calido beach, Kalutara, Sri Lanka, has experienced significant morphological changes due to both natural processes and human activities. High population density, urban development, and thriving economic activities, particularly tourism, have contributed to its vulnerability. Analysis of changes from 2016 to 2024, using Google Earth imagery and published studies, highlights the … Read more

 This study examines the potential impacts of climate change on soil erosion rates in the Badra Basin, Wasit Governorate, using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model and future climate projections. Soil erosion is a significant environmental challenge in the region, exacerbated by climatic variability, including changes in rainfall intensity and distribution. The RUSLE … Read more

It is the application of a developed Controlling system to the low-cost, wet-type alkaline HHO (oxyhydrogen) generator/electrolyzer system designed to enhance the traditional stroke gasoline internal combustion engine (ICE) performance and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The system optimizes the gas production of the HHO unit by optimizing the significant parameters with a microcontroller system … Read more

Production of leachate and contamination of water bodies is a major concern in solid waste landfills. The generated leachate must be appropriately treated before being discharged into the environment. It can be treated by different physico-chemical and biological methods and their combinations. In this study, the performance of the membrane bioreactor (MBR) and sequencing batch … Read more

The fast expansion of solar photovoltaic (PV) technology has placed it as a prominent participant in the worldwide transition towards renewable energy but the rising quantity of end-of-life (EOL) solar panels creates substantial environmental and economic issues. This review paper addresses the composition and construction of solar panels, present recycling procedures, and the accompanying social, … Read more

This paper proposes an Internet of Things (IoT)-based healthcare solution for paralyzed patients, using sensors and machine learning to monitor environmental conditions, activity levels, and vital signs. The system allows caregivers and healthcare providers to track patients’ health in real-time, facilitating timely interventions. This solution aims to improve patient independence and quality of life through … Read more

Shift work disrupts circadian rhythms, impairing metabolic processes and increasing cardiometabolic risks such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. This review focuses on the interplay between chronotype, meal timing, and cardiometabolic health. It consolidates evidence showing that misaligned eating schedules exacerbate metabolic dysfunction in shift workers. The review advocates for targeted interventions to … Read more

This paper explores the mechanisms and risk factors of cataract formation in two high-risk groups: radiotherapy patients and astronauts. Despite differences in radiation exposure, both groups experience cataractogenesis through similar mechanisms, such as DNA damage and oxidative stress. Unique risk factors, such as microgravity for astronauts, are compared with the high-dose exposure of radiotherapy patients. … Read more

Additive Manufacturing (AM), commonly known as 3D printing, has revolutionized prosthetic development by enabling highly personalized and functional prosthetic devices. This review examines the latest advancements in AM technologies, materials, and smart technologies in prosthetics. Techniques like Stereolithography (SLA) and Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) have enhanced prosthetic design flexibility and accuracy. The paper also discusses … Read more