This study investigates the structural characteristics and temporal variability of Iraq’s crude oil export system during the first quarter of 2025, with particular emphasis on its exposure to geopolitical disruptions. Using descriptive statistical analysis and graphical modeling, the study identifies patterns of fluctuation, concentration, and dependency within export flows. The results indicate that total crude …

Geopolitical Vulnerability and Structural Concentration in Iraq’s Oil Export System A Statistical and Market-Based Analysis under Regional Conflict ConditionsRead More

Industrial boilers play an important role in energy and manufacturing process sectors, where proficient combustion is critical for improving energy efficiency and reducing environmental emissions. However, fixed parameter control systems are often ineffective in meeting dynamic operating conditions. This review paper presents advanced combustion control strategies with special reference to real-time analysis of flue gases. …

Advanced Control Strategies for Optimal Combustion in Industrial Boilers Using Real-TimeFlue Gas AnalysisRead More

Sunscreens play a critical role in protecting the skin from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, including both UVA and UVB rays. Traditional inorganic UV filters, such as chemically synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂), have limitations regarding biocompatibility, cost, and sustainability. This study investigates the effectiveness of green-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) as an alternative, …

Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Biocompatible and Sustainable Sunscreens with Enhanced UV Protection and Antibacterial ActivityRead More

This paper explores the mechanisms and risk factors of cataract formation in two high-risk groups: radiotherapy patients and astronauts. Despite differences in radiation exposure, both groups experience cataractogenesis through similar mechanisms, such as DNA damage and oxidative stress. Unique risk factors, such as microgravity for astronauts, are compared with the high-dose exposure of radiotherapy patients. …

Comparative Analysis of Cataractogenesis in Radiotherapy Patients and AstronautsRead More

Sample preparation is a crucial analytical tool that significantly contributes to the accuracy of analytical methods such as flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS), electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Therefore, analytical chemists focus on developing sample preparation methods to enhance the sensitivity of these technique measurements. To achieve this, …

Optimization of Sample Preparation Techniques for the Quantifications of Metal Ions by Atomic Absorption SpectrometryRead More